Physiology |
The law of Boil-Marriott: pressure and volume of gas are inversely proportional one another.
In our organism there are air vacuities, air in which is squeezed and extends under action of pressure. According to the law, when the pressure is doubled, volume is twice moderated. It can be the reason of traumas called as barotraumas. The barotraumas can take place in porous and hollow bone formations - sinuses.
The barotraumas of an ear-drum - can happen at fast dive and inefficient blow-down of ears. It can happen, for example, at the moment of emersion at a rhinitis, when there is a made space in air passages and vacuities. The sane can happen with frontal and igmoritis sinuses.
Prevention: sluggish sinkage and effective blow-down of ears, i.e. duly. Before sinkage it is necessary to be vigorous and healthy.
The barotraumas of lungs -happens at prompt emersion and detained respiration, i.e. the external pressure of water is promptly moderated and the internal pressure of air is enlarged which starts to press on walls mild.
Prevention: a fissile exhalation during all prompt rises.
The barotraumas of an intestine - happens at the use of redundant quantity of gas cut drinks. It is under pressure gases in liquids are diluted, and when the pressure falls, the process of an aerogenesis starts.
Prevention: to not use a lump of gas cut drinks before sinkages.
Other reasons of barotraumas:
Teeth. If teeth are in very poor condition and in filling there is a space, there can be inside alveolar pressure.
Mask. In a case, when the mask is insufficiently elastic between glass and face plane, the low pressure can be formed.
Skin. When you use a waterproof suit, the low pressure can be formed in an interlayer between a skin and suit.
Counterindicative to use drops for a bow or plugs for the ears:
by drops; since any medicine has a valid time, its activity can be completed on depth;
by stoppers; since air between a ear-drum and plug will be derivate, and it signifies, that at sinkage also there can be a barotraumas.
Nitrogen narcosis or intoxication of an organism it is under pressure.
Under atmospheric pressure we inhale 78 % of nitrogen, 21 % of oxygen, 1 % of residual gases. We exhale 14 % of oxygen, 7 % of a carbon dioxide, 1 % of residual gases and same 78 % of nitrogen.
Under a major water pressure the nitrogen is capable to penetrate into an organism, i.e. the balance is broken: more nitrogen is diluted in an organism, that in turn influences nervous cages and nervous endings.
Symptoms:
metallic smack in a mouth;
hazed visibility;
loss of notice;
overdue reaction;
a defiance of underwater signals;
easing of temperature sensations;
favor or depression (occasionally, origin of aggression).
At origin of a nitrogen narcosis you must be lifted on 10-15 meters.
The decompression illness.
A physical law of Henry is: the gases in liquids are diluted under pressure.
Decompression illness is bubbles of gas (air) inside an organism of the person.
The reason: after long and severe sinkage, when the pressure is suddenly moderated, the nitrogen in a blood and cages of an organism starts to bubble up.
Type 1.
Symptoms:
discomfort;
indisposition;
pain;
dermal itch, joint pain.
Type 2.
Symptoms:
disorder of central nervous system (the paralysis is possible);
irregular palpitation (the death is possible).
Indications:
95 % of casualties can be detected between 5 minutes and 2 hours (exist the facts of detection after 24 hours).
Treatment:
Dose 100 % of oxygen
Transportation in the proximate clinic.
The warning (!): never attempt to render medical aid underwater.
Maximal norm of rise of is 10 m/min or more slowly, than slightest bubbles at your emersion.
The disease prevention is more important, than its treatment!
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