Terminology |
The nitrogen - is the gas without colors and odor, it does not support respiration and burning. This is the basic component of air (constitutes 78 % of air volume).
Apnea - (from Greek "apnoia" - absence of respiration) - suspend of respiration as a result of depletion of a blood by a carbon dioxide after simulated or arbitrary respiration.
Apparatus with an open circuit of respiration - is apparatus, aqualung, which delete completely of exhaust air in an environment.
Apparatus with a contour of respiration - is apparatus, permitting to inhale the exhale air after removal from it ??2 and adding of oxygen. These devices are silent and do not outline bubbles.
Argon - is noble gas, which constitutes less than 1 % in air.
Arterial gas embolism - is one of views of a barotraumas of lungs at which the outer skin of lungs is breaking and the bubbles of air spread among the air.
The low-pressure chamber - is hermetic chamber, in which can be boosted or be dropped air pressure. Divers for treatment of a caisson disease utilize the compression low-pressure chamber.
Barotraumas - is damage of man's body at sharp change of atmospheric pressure.
Air -is gas mixture, which consists of: 21 % of oxygen, 78 % of nitrogen, 1 % of residual gases (in the basic argon); the compressed air is utilized for diving.
The second stage of regulator -is stage, which moderates intermediate pressure 9,8 bars up to an ambient water pressure.
Helium - is noble gas, without colors and odor, which does not create an impression of a nitrogen narcosis, and therefore it is utilized for very deep diving.
Hyperventilation -is often inspiration and exhalation, for ensuring lowering a level of a carbon dioxide.
Hypercapnia - heightened level of ??2 in a blood.
Hyperthermia - overheat of organism. It happen with a diver more seldom, than the hypothermia, but it can happen when diver is in wet suit on at surface in hot weather.
Hypothermia -is cooling, or falling of temperature of a diver's body lower than 36.6C. The serious problems start to arise, when temperature of a body is dropped below than 35 hails. ?.
Scuba diver - is a diver with aqualung, skin diver - swimmer with a mask, snorkel and fins. C-card, certificate - document certifying, that you have passed the relevant preparing and know how to address with aqualung.
Divemaster -is the professional, usually works as underwater guide and assists at training.
Air pressure - strength of the influence of air on the particular area. The normal atmospheric pressure in sea-surf is 760 mms of mercury column = 10332 mms of water column = 1,0332 atmospheres. A technical atmosphere: 1 athm. = 1 kg / ??2 = 735,56 mms of merc.col. The pressure falls with height. For diving: the total pressure consists of: air pressure and water pressure.
Decompression illness - group of diseases caused by sharp release of pressure of an environment. As a result of it the bubbles of gas (nitrogen) are getting inside of blood and of tissues of organism. Signs: an itch, joint pain and muscles pain, giddiness, stupefaction.
Decompression stop - is stop, which is intended for removal of redundant quantity of nitrogen; if this stop is on necessary, it calls as a stop of safety.
??N - air oxygen-rich.
Inflator - device of blowing of the compensator of buoyancy.
The law of Boil-Marriott - law, on which pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
The law of Henry - at a stationary value of temperature and low-level pressures the oxygen solubility of gas in a sectional liquid is directly proportional to pressure of this gas above a solution.
Laws of Dalton: 1. The pressure of a mixture of gases chemically which are not interfacing one another, is equal to the sum of their partial pressures; 2. At dilution of a mixture of gases the oxygen solubility of each of them in sectional mass of a solvent is proportional to partial pressure.
Laws of Charley - laws, according to which at constant volume the pressure of gas depends on a temperature variation.
Oxygen ?2 -is the gas without colors and odor; is reactive; supports burning. It is necessary for life on the Earth (constitutes 21 % of air volume).
Oxygen poisoning - poisoning, which originate as result after inhalation of air at enlarged partial pressure of oxygen.
Compensator of buoyancy (CB) - is a jacket necessary for acquisition of neutral buoyancy underwater.
The compressor -is the device, which squeezes or pinches air. Air is squeezed from a mark of atmospheric pressure in a definite volume of a bottle up to pressure, usually 200 bars.
The digital computer - device for measurement of such exponents as: depth, residence time underwater, safe time, decompression information. Is for performance of multilevel divings.
Logbook - book of your dives, where you check every your dive with its characteristics. It is your personal book, it is not recommended to forget to write about your dives.
NITROX, EAN, SafeAir - mixture of nitrogen with oxygen in proportions distinct from proportions in air. The percentage of nitrogen is moderated with the purpose of augmentation of no-derdecompression limit.
The backward block - is the pain or discomfort, one of types of a barotraumas, happened at emersion.
Poisoning with carbon monoxide - poisoning originating in corollary of an inhalation of a carbon monoxide. Signs: a headache, loss of consciousness and death.
Poisoning with a carbon dioxide - poisoning originating from a heightened level of a carbon dioxide in the blood. Signs: a headache, surface respiration and loss of consciousness.
Partial pressure - is a pressure of a component of ideal gas mixture, if one occupied volume of all mixture.
The first stage of regulator - metallic cylinder joining to the bottle and performing function of reduction high-pressure from a cylinder up to intermediate or average pressure 9,8 bars.
Buoyancy - is ability of entity to float or to be steeped in a liquid. Distinguish: negative, neutral, and positive.
Repeated sinkage - sinkage executed after first during 24 clocks.
Wet suit - is the suit of diver, which is made of neoprene (similarity of sponge, porous material). The suit creates thin, warmed by warmth of the body of diver, an interlayer of water between the body and suit that destroyed heat interchange with an environment and allows maintaining the warmth.
Regulator or register - is device, which drops HP from the bottle up to an ambient pressure (usually has 2 stages).
CO - carbon monoxide, the gas without colors, inodorous, is derivate at the expense of combustion or yields of burning.
??2 - carbon dioxide, gas it is inodorous, without taste, yield of a metabolism.
Dry suit - is the suit, which is made from different type of material (a lot of types), is for complete insulation of diver from contact to water.
The tables for underwater navigation - Tables' inclusive particular quantity of depths and a safe residence time of diver on these depths.
Thermocline - touch of two stratums of water: warm and cold. The cold stratum usually is more deeply. At getting in a thermocline there visual misrepresentations are appeared.
Trimix - mixture of gases of helium, nitrogen and oxygen, which is utilized for very deep divings.
SCUBA - is Self Contained Underwater Apparatus. Diving with aqualung.
Free-diving - is a diving without aqualung, just with the mask, snorkel and fins, and on a breath holding.
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